Resolving Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus conflictsin the United States: past, present, and future

The Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus has been protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act since 1972, as a result of a bilateral treaty with Mexico. Since that time, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has had authority for cormorant management and conservation. From the late 1970s to the present, Double-crested Cormorants experienced dramatic population growth.

Hanisch, S.L. and Schmidt, P.R, Waterbirds around the world