Sex Ratios of Fleas (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) in Nests of TreeSwallows (Passeriformes: Hirundinidae) Exposed toDifferent Chemicals

Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) Science Article 5

abstract

Endocrine disruptors have well-known effects on vertebrate population sex ratios, buta variety of chemicals can also affect sex ratios of invertebrates. We tested whether sex ratios of

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