Hammonds Flycatcher (Empidonax hammondii)
[order] PASSERIFORMES | [family] Tyrannidae | [latin] Empidonax hammondii | [UK] Hammonds Flycatcher | [FR] Moucherolle de Hammond | [DE] Tannentyrann | [ES] Mosquero de Hammond | [NL] Sparrenfeetiran
Subspecies
Monotypic species
Physical charateristics
Both Hammond’s and Dusky breed in the transition and Canadian zones of the mountains. Hammond’s ranges farther north and lives at higher altitudes in taller firs, while Dusky prefers chaparral or a mixture of chaparral and conifers. Hammond’s is more oliv
e; underparts more yellowish, with a grayer chest. The lower mandible of its smallish bill is mostly dark .
e; underparts more yellowish, with a grayer chest. The lower mandible of its smallish bill is mostly dark .
Listen to the sound of Hammonds Flycatcher
[audio:http://www.aviflevoland.nl/sounddb/H/Hammonds Flycatcher.mp3]
Copyright remark: Most sounds derived from xeno-canto
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Range
North America : Northwest
Habitat
High conifer forests; in migration, other trees.
Breeds in cool coniferous forests, often where conifers such as Douglas-fir or spruce are mixed with aspens or other deciduous trees. In some areas, may breed in pure stands of aspens. Winters mostly in pine-oak woods of mountains in Mexico and Central A
merica.
Breeds in cool coniferous forests, often where conifers such as Douglas-fir or spruce are mixed with aspens or other deciduous trees. In some areas, may breed in pure stands of aspens. Winters mostly in pine-oak woods of mountains in Mexico and Central A
merica.
Reproduction
In courtship, male approaches female, giving trilled call and fluttering wings.
Nest: Site is on horizontal branch of tree (often Douglas-fir, pine, fir, or aspen), 10-100′ above the ground, averaging about 25-
35′ up. Nest (built by female, rarely with help from male) is cup of weed stems, grass, strips of bark, lichens, and other items, lined with finer materials such as feathers, fur, and plant down. Spider webs often work
ed into nest. Nest looks more like those of wood-pewees than those of other Empidonax flycatchers.
Eggs: 4, sometimes 3. Creamy white, sometimes lightly spotted with reddish brown. Incubation is by female only, 15-16 days.
Young: Female broods young when they are small, and both parents bring food to nestlings. Age of young at first flight about 16-18 days. Young may remain in a group, tended by parents, for a week or more after fledging.
Nest: Site is on horizontal branch of tree (often Douglas-fir, pine, fir, or aspen), 10-100′ above the ground, averaging about 25-
35′ up. Nest (built by female, rarely with help from male) is cup of weed stems, grass, strips of bark, lichens, and other items, lined with finer materials such as feathers, fur, and plant down. Spider webs often work
ed into nest. Nest looks more like those of wood-pewees than those of other Empidonax flycatchers.
Eggs: 4, sometimes 3. Creamy white, sometimes lightly spotted with reddish brown. Incubation is by female only, 15-16 days.
Young: Female broods young when they are small, and both parents bring food to nestlings. Age of young at first flight about 16-18 days. Young may remain in a group, tended by parents, for a week or more after fledging.
Feeding habits
Insects. Apparently feeds only on insects. Summer diet includes beetles, caterpillars, moths, flies, leafhoppers, and small wasps. Winter diet not well known.
Behavior:
Forages by watching from a perch and then flying out to catch insects, usually returning to perch to eat them. Uses feeding perches at various heights in forest, often low; may take insects in midair, from surface of foliage or branches, or from the grou
nd.
Behavior:
Forages by watching from a perch and then flying out to catch insects, usually returning to perch to eat them. Uses feeding perches at various heights in forest, often low; may take insects in midair, from surface of foliage or branches, or from the grou
nd.
Conservation
This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend appears to be increasing, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Migration
East-central Alaska, western Canada, western United States. Winters southeastern Arizona to Nicaragua. Migration:
Migration is spread over long period in both spring and fall, with some lingering late in fall. During spring, adult males migrate north earlier than females.
Migration is spread over long period in both spring and fall, with some lingering late in fall. During spring, adult males migrate north earlier than females.
Distribution map
