Tropical Parula (Parula pitiayumi)

Tropical Parula

[order] PASSERIFORMES | [family] Parulidae | [latin] Parula pitiayumi | [UK] Tropical Parula | [FR] Sylvette a joues noires | [DE] Elfen-Waldsanger | [ES] Parula Tropical | [NL] Maskerparulazanger

Subspecies

GenusSpeciessubspeciesBreeding RangeBreeding Range 2Non Breeding Range
Dendroicapitiayumi
ParulapitiayumiLAwidespread, also s Texas
Parulapitiayumialarum
Parulapitiayumicirrha
Parulapitiayumielegans
Parulapitiayumigraysoni
Parulapitiayumiinornata
Parulapitiayumiinsularis
Parulapitiayumimelanogenys
Parulapitiayuminana
Parulapitiayuminigrilora
Parulapitiayumipacifica
Parulapitiayumipitiayumi
Parulapitiayumipulchra
Parulapitiayumiroraimae
Parulapitiayumispeciosa

Physical charateristics

It is a dull blue above with an olive patch in the middle of the back. The two white wing-bars seem to vary in width between individuals. Below is mostly bright yellow and the crissum is white. The male has a black mask and an ochraceous wash to the chest and throat both of which features are lacking in the female.

Listen to the sound of Tropical Parula

[audio:http://www.aviflevoland.nl/sounddb/T/Tropical Parula.mp3]

Copyright remark: Most sounds derived from xeno-canto

wingspan min.:0cmwingspan max.:0cm
size min.:10cmsize max.:11cm
incubation min.:12daysincubation max.:14days
fledging min.:0daysfledging max.:14days
broods:1 eggs min.:3 
   eggs max.:4 

Range

Latin America : widespread, also South Texas

Habitat

It is found in forest borders, light woodland and scrub and it is often seen with mixed tanager flocks mainly in the canopy.

Reproduction

The Tropical Parula nests in clumps of epiphytes in a tree 5-15 meter above ground. It usually lays two eggs in a lined domed nest. Incubation is 12-14 days, mainly by the female. It is a monogamous, solitary nester.

Feeding habits

These birds feed on insects, spiders and occasionally berries.

Conservation

This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend appears to be increasing, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
The Tropical Parula is distributed in most of Central America and into South America as far south as Uruguay and northern Argentina but is absent from most of the Amazon Basin.
Tropical Parula status Least Concern

Migration

Sedentary throughout range

Distribution map

Tropical Parula distribution range map

Updated: June 8, 2011 — 1:00 am

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