[order] PASSERIFORMES | [family] Parulidae | [latin] Oreothlypis peregrina | [UK] Tennessee Warbler | [FR] Paruline obscure | [DE] Brauenwaldsanger | [ES] Reinita verdilla | [NL]
Subspecies
Monotypic species
Physical charateristics
Quite plain. Male, spring: Note the white eyebrow stripe and gray head contrasting with its greenish back. Female, spring: Similar; head less gray, underparts slightly yellowish.
b Fall: Greenish; note the unstreaked yellowish breast, strong yellowish eyebrow stripe, and trace of a wing bar. A vireo-like species.
b Fall: Greenish; note the unstreaked yellowish breast, strong yellowish eyebrow stripe, and trace of a wing bar. A vireo-like species.
Listen to the sound of Tennessee Warbler
[audio:http://www.aviflevoland.nl/sounddb/T/Tennessee Warbler.mp3]
Copyright remark: Most sounds derived from xeno-canto
| wingspan min.: | 18 | cm | wingspan max.: | 22 | cm |
| size min.: | 10 | cm | size max.: | 13 | cm |
| incubation min.: | 11 | days | incubation max.: | 12 | days |
| fledging min.: | 11 | days | fledging max.: | 12 | days |
| broods: | 1 | eggs min.: | 3 | ||
| eggs max.: | 6 |
Range
North America : North
Habitat
Deciduous and mixed forests; in migration, groves, brush.
Breeds in bogs, swamps, and forests. Prefers openings in second-growth balsam-tamarack bogs, or aspen and pine woods, or edges of dense spruce forest. Nests near boggy ground with grass tussocks, bushes, and moss. During spring migration, mostly high in
trees. During fall migration, often lower in saplings, brush, weedy fields.
Breeds in bogs, swamps, and forests. Prefers openings in second-growth balsam-tamarack bogs, or aspen and pine woods, or edges of dense spruce forest. Nests near boggy ground with grass tussocks, bushes, and moss. During spring migration, mostly high in
trees. During fall migration, often lower in saplings, brush, weedy fields.
Reproduction
Male has loud repetitious song on breeding territory. In ideal habitat, nests are closely spaced in loose colonies. During courtship, male performs song flight up to 60′ above the ground.
Nest:
Concealed in a depression on ground under bushes or overhanging grass. Site is usually on mossy hummock in a wet area, but will nest on fairly dry ground on steep hillsides. Nest is open cup made of thin grass stems; lined with fine dry grass, porcupin
e quills, or moose hair. Built by the female.
Eggs: 5-6, sometimes 4-7. May lay more eggs during outbreaks of spruce budworm. Eggs white, with some marks of brown or purple. Rarely parasitized by cowbirds. Incubation by female only, 11-12 days.
Young: Development and care of the young, and age when they leave the nest, are not well known. Probably 1 brood per year.
Nest:
Concealed in a depression on ground under bushes or overhanging grass. Site is usually on mossy hummock in a wet area, but will nest on fairly dry ground on steep hillsides. Nest is open cup made of thin grass stems; lined with fine dry grass, porcupin
e quills, or moose hair. Built by the female.
Eggs: 5-6, sometimes 4-7. May lay more eggs during outbreaks of spruce budworm. Eggs white, with some marks of brown or purple. Rarely parasitized by cowbirds. Incubation by female only, 11-12 days.
Young: Development and care of the young, and age when they leave the nest, are not well known. Probably 1 brood per year.
Feeding habits
Mostly insects, some berries and nectar.
In summer, feeds mainly on insects, including caterpillars, scale insects, aphids, beetles, flies, leafhoppers, and others; also spiders. Takes nectar from catkins, and some juice from grapes. In winter in the tropics, takes nectar, fruit, and protein co
rpuscles from bases of leaves of Cecropia trees.
Behavior: Forages in the outer foliage of trees, sometimes hanging head down. Gleans insects in dense patches of weeds. In summer, male may feed mostly in treetops, female remaini
ng near ground. Forages in flocks on wintering grounds.
In summer, feeds mainly on insects, including caterpillars, scale insects, aphids, beetles, flies, leafhoppers, and others; also spiders. Takes nectar from catkins, and some juice from grapes. In winter in the tropics, takes nectar, fruit, and protein co
rpuscles from bases of leaves of Cecropia trees.
Behavior: Forages in the outer foliage of trees, sometimes hanging head down. Gleans insects in dense patches of weeds. In summer, male may feed mostly in treetops, female remaini
ng near ground. Forages in flocks on wintering grounds.
Conservation
This species has an extremely large range, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the range size criterion (Extent of Occurrence <20,000 km2 combined with a declining or fluctuating range size, habitat extent/quality, or population size and a small number of locations or severe fragmentation). The population trend appears to be stable, and hence the species does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population trend criterion (>30% decline over ten years or three generations). The population size is extremely large, and hence does not approach the thresholds for Vulnerable under the population size criterion (<10,000 mature individuals with a continuing decline estimated to be >10% in ten years or three generations, or with a specified population structure). For these reasons the species is evaluated as Least Concern.
Migration
Canada, northeastern edge of United States. Winters Mexico to Venezuela. Migration: In spring, many migrate north across the western pa
rt of the Gulf of Mexico. Strays show up regularly in the West, especially along the Pacific Coast in fall, where a few may spend the winter.
rt of the Gulf of Mexico. Strays show up regularly in the West, especially along the Pacific Coast in fall, where a few may spend the winter.
Distribution map
