ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT OF MALE AND FEMALE KILLDEER (CHARADRIUS VOCIFERUS)

The reproductive investment strategies of the sexes during the breeding season are detailed for Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus), a monogamous plover. I measured the energy investments of the sexes in reproductive, mating, and parental effort. As predicted, males expend more mating effort than females; however, the sexes expend equal amounts of parental effort. Total energy expenditure in reproductive effort (mating and parental effort) during asuccessful nesting attempt was also equal for the sexes

DIANNE H. BRUNTON, The Auk 105: 553-56