European Robin (Erithacus rubecula) Science Article 5
abstract
To investigate the relative importance of paternity defences in the European robin we used behaviouralobservations, simulated intrusions and temporary male removal experiments. Given that paired malesdid not increase their mate attendance, copulation rate or territory size during the female’s fertile period,the most frequently quoted paternity assurance strategies in birds were absent.
JOE TOBIAS & NAT SEDDON, ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR, 2000, 60, 165-173