Conservation Implications of the Large Colony of Double-crested Cormorants on East Sand Island, Columbia River Estuary, Oregon, U.S.A.

The breeding colony of the Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) on East Sand Island in the Columbia River estuary has grown dramatically over the last 13 years, in contrast to declines at other colonies along the coast of the Pacific Northwest. Immigration from other colonies has occurred and the East Sand Island colony is now the largest for the species on the Pacific coast of North America. Despite substantial increases in the size of the East Sand Island colony,

CYNTHIA D. ANDERSON, Waterbirds 27(2): 155-160, 2004